There are hundreds of Financial Ratios. Financial ratios are divided into 5 major categories:
i) Profitability ratios | ii) Cash flow ratios | iii) Efficiency Ratios | iv) Value ratios | v) Leverage Ratios
I) Profitability ratios
Profitability Ratios indicate how effective a company is operating in terms of generating profits. Profitability Ratios are divided into Margin and Return Ratios.
Important Profitability Ratios:
1) Cash return on capital invested
2) Contribution margin
3) EBIT and EBITDA
4) EBITDA margin
5) Gross margin
6) Net margin
7) Operating income margin
8) Return on capital employed
9) Return on debt
10) Return on equity
11) Return on invested capital
12) Return on investment
13) Return on net assets
14) Return on total assets
15) Return on total capital
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II) Cash Flow Ratios
Cash Flow Ratios evaluate the ability of a company to meet its current liquidity needs. That means to have sufficient cash-flows to pay its obligations at the minimum cost and be able to take advantage of investment and other opportunities.
Important Cash flow ratios:
1. Cash flow to debt ratio
2. Cash flow to sales ratio
3. Dividends coverage ratio
4. Free to Operating cash flow ratio
5. Operating cash flow ratio
III) Efficiency Ratios
Efficiency ratios evaluate the efficiency of a business in managing its assets. For example how effectively a business is able to manage its inventory.
Important Efficiency ratios:
1. Cash cycle
2. Equity turnover
3. Asset turnover
4. Sales per employee
5. Inventory turnover ratio
6. Payable turnover
7. Receivable turnover ratio
8. Day sales outstanding
9. Days inventory outstanding
10. Days payable outstanding
IV) Value ratios
Value ratios are measuring the worth of a company's shares. Value ratios include either the current price of the company’s share or the whole market value (share price X number of shares outstanding).
Important Value Ratios:
1) EPS (earnings per share)
2) P/E (price/earnings)
3) Price / Cash ratio
4) Dividend Yield (%)
5) P/Bv (Price to Book Value)
6) Market / Book Ratio
7) P/S (Price to Sales Ratio)
V) Leverage ratios
Leverage Ratios evaluate the leverage performance of different activities in a company. Such activities include equity, assets, debt, income and operating costs.
Important Leverage Ratios:
1) Capital employed
2) Capital expenditure ratio
3) Capitalization ratio
4) Debt ratio
5) Debt to equity ratio
6) Debt/EBITDA ratio
7) Equity ratio
Read More: » Important Investing Numbers at Capital Investor
External Links: » Investment Risk at Trading Center | » Investment Valuation at Trading Center | » Finnacial Ratios at WikiPedia
Financial Ratios
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